This study was carried out to synthesize 1D inorganic nanostructure using an electrochemical method without any template and additives. Copper foils were anodized in a KOH bath and were tested for their Antibacterial performance. After anodizing, the obtained samples were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) to determine the corresponding morphology and crystal structure, respectively. Finally, the Antibacterial activity of the samples against both E. coli and S. aureus was tested by agar diffusion test. The typical porous surfaces were realized in all samples. These micropores may be beneficial to cell attachment. The morphology of the anodized copper exhibited when the concentration of OH− kept on going up, micropores and simultaneously nanoparticles were formed on the surface. By increasing the concentration of KOH, the water contact angle with anodized Cu foil varied within the range of 65. 4 to 89. 7° . Parent copper foil did not show antibiotic activity. The anodized copper exhibited acceptable Antibacterial activities. The Antibacterial action was the same for anodized copper at different concentration of OH− , which had nothing to do with the concentration of KOH electrolyte. The obtained results indicated that the porous copper could be employed to improve Antibacterial activities of pure copper to meet the needs of bioactive surfaces.

The aim of this study was to synthesize Ag-nanoclay composite by solid ion exchange, then characterize, and evaluate the Antibacterial activity. This newly introduced ion exchange is a simple and low cost technique, which provides a quicker method. Without chemical treatment, nanoclay was subjected to an ion exchange process in media containing molten salt of silver at 300 and 400 ° C and at different periods. Scanning electron microscopy showed that the flakes’ structure was opened by higher temperature and longer time. DRS graph revealed that Ag particles were successfully loaded, and that higher temperature and longer time increased the loading amount. Changes in basal reflection in XRD peak validated the presence of Ag. The Release test indicate that the materials do not present any risk for drinking water treatment since the leached metals were very small and in acceptable concentrations. The constant amount of release after four hours of sharp releasing. The Antibacterial activity of the prepared composites was tested against gram-negative Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus using the disc diffusion method. Presence of an inhibition zone clearly indicates the Antibacterial effect of the composites. The results demonstrate that silver can be introduced onto nanoclay by single-step ion exchange.

In this research, the fabrication of MCM-41 mesoporous material nanofibers by an electrospinning technique was performed. The MCM-41 nanofibers (MCM-41 NFs) as a novel host on the incorporation of silver has been studied in [Ag(NH3)2]NO3 precursor solution through the heat-treatment process. The formation of silver-loaded MCM-41 NFs at various calcinating temperatures were also studied. The silver-containing materials (Ag/MCM-41 NFs) were characterized using Fourier Transform InfraRed (FT-IR) spectroscopy, powder X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), UltraViolet-Visible Diffuse Reflectance Spectroscopy (UV-Vis DRS), and Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM). The results indicated that both Ag and Ag2O NanoParticles (NPs) were loaded in MCM-41 NFs at different calcinating temperature. Silver compounds with a diameter of 10− 15 nm were highly dispersed in the framework of mesoporous silica nanofibers. The results indicated that Ag loading contents on the MCM-41NFs were 10. 53 wt%. These Ag/MCM-41 NFs Possess an enhanced Antibacterial effective against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria by preventing the aggregation of silver NPs and continuously releasing silver ions. In general, the silver-containing materials with more Ag2O NPs demonstrated an excellent Antibacterial activity. The Minimum Inhibitory Concentrations (MIC) obtained 30 and 60 μ g/mL for the silver-containing MCM-41 NFs with more Ag2O NPs against E. coli and S. aureus, respectively. MCM-41 type nanofibers play an important role in the Antibacterial activity of nanocomposites.

Isolation of new microbial species from extreme environments is one of the most efficient approaches for the development of novel bioactive metabolites. The aim of the present study was to explore the pharmaceutical bacterial resources from the water and sediments of hypersaline Lake Urmia. Using different culture conditions and media led to the isolation of 20 bacterial strains. Halophilic bacteria were screened for the production of Antibacterial agent against multi-drug resistant strains of Escherichia coli through agar well diffusion assay. Halophilic bacteria DNA extraction was done by boiling method. The results showed that two Halomonas strains, LUH16 and LUH20 identified by analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequences were the potent producers of antimicrobial metabolites against various strains of E. coli. Furthermore, gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis revealed the presence of eight secondary metabolites with the relevant antimicrobial properties. Our findings led us to focus on Halomonas strains as potent producers of antimicrobial compound that might be an alternative against antibiotic-resistant pathogens such as pathogenic Escherichia coli.